Global Timber Export Regulations: A Complete Guide

Timber export regulations vary by country, but most follow international standards for legality, sustainability, and safe trade. Below is a clear overview of the most important requirements and regional examples to help exporters navigate global timber markets.

🌍 General Timber Export Regulations

1. Export License or Permit

• Most countries require a valid timber export permit.
• Issued by forestry departments, environmental ministries, or trade authorities.

2. Sustainable Sourcing Requirements

• Exporters must prove timber was harvested legally and sustainably.
• Common certifications: FSC (Forest Stewardship Council), PEFC, or national equivalents.

3. CITES Compliance

• Species listed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) require special documentation and approval.

4. Customs Documentation

• Commercial invoice
• Packing list
• Bill of lading
• Phytosanitary certificate (required in many countries)
• Certificate of origin

5. Taxes and Export Duties

• Some countries apply export duties to discourage raw log exports and promote local processing.

6. Log Export Bans

• Several countries enforce partial or full log export bans to prevent overharvesting and encourage domestic value‑added industries.

7. Inspection and Grading

• Physical inspection by forestry or customs authorities.
• Timber grading may be required based on national or international standards.

🌐 Timber Export Regulations by Region

🇮🇳 India

• Log export is banned except for a few special species (e.g., sandalwood under strict rules).
• Export allowed mainly for processed wood and timber products.
• Exporters must register with the DGFT (Directorate General of Foreign Trade).
• Compliance with CITES and phytosanitary regulations is mandatory.

🇲🇾 Malaysia

• Requires a Phytosanitary Certificate and CITES permit (if applicable).
• Certain log exports are restricted or banned to support domestic processing.
• Regulated by the MTIB (Malaysian Timber Industry Board).

🇮🇩 Indonesia

• Requires the V-Legal Document under the SVLK Timber Legality Assurance System.
• Indonesia participates in the EU FLEGT agreement, simplifying exports to the EU.

🇨🇲 Cameroon

• Partial ban on log exports; processed wood is encouraged.
• Strict CITES compliance for species like rosewood and ebony.
• Requires a Certificate of Origin and Export Permit from the Ministry of Forests.

🇧🇷 Brazil

• Export controlled by IBAMA and customs authorities.
• Heavy restrictions on tropical hardwood exports.
• Exporters must prove legal harvest through the DOF (Document of Forest Origin).